Yksityinen elinkeinonharjoittaja (sole trader, toiminimi)Finland
What it takes to form, own and run a sole trader in Finland, and how its profit is taxed. Each figure links to the page it was read from.
This company type
At a glance
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If you operate trade or business as a self-employed person (perhaps having a business name (toiminimi; firma) registered)
Form it
Who registers it
- Registry
- Formed without visiting
- Not stated
The registry’s and the law’s own pages do not mention it.
- Formed online
- Yes
What it takes to form
Not in our records A notary, A resident director, Paying up the capital: none of these is in our records for the Yksityinen elinkeinonharjoittaja (sole trader, toiminimi).
Own it
Who may own and run it
- Directors
- Does not apply
- Shareholders
- Does not apply
- Members
- Does not apply
- A local company secretary
- Not required
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Yksityisen elinkeinonharjoittajan perusilmoituksessa on mainittava: 1) elinkeinonharjoittajan toiminimi; 2) elinkeinonharjoittajan henkilötiedot; 3) toiminnan laatu; 4) kunta, josta toimintaa johdetaan; sekä 5) toimipaikan postiosoite.
- A local registered agent
- Not required
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Yksityisen elinkeinonharjoittajan perusilmoituksessa on mainittava: 1) elinkeinonharjoittajan toiminimi; 2) elinkeinonharjoittajan henkilötiedot; 3) toiminnan laatu; 4) kunta, josta toimintaa johdetaan; sekä 5) toimipaikan postiosoite.
Each year, at the registry
- Annual registry fee
- Free
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Tilinpäätöksen ilmoittaminen YTJ-palvelussa on maksutonta.
- Accounts on the public record
- Small exempt
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Yksityinen elinkeinonharjoittaja (toiminimiyrittäjä) ilmoittaa tilinpäätöksen vain, kun sekä päättyneellä että sitä välittömästi edeltäneellä tilikaudella on ylittynyt vähintään kaksi seuraavista rajoista:
- Audit for a small company
- Not stated
The registry’s and the law’s own pages do not mention it.
- Audit
- Not in our records
Important dates
When each obligation falls due, as the authority states it.
Not in our records No dates for the Yksityinen elinkeinonharjoittaja (sole trader, toiminimi) are in our records.
What is public
Not in our records What the register shows the public is not in our records for the Yksityinen elinkeinonharjoittaja (sole trader, toiminimi).
Tax
Tax on profit
How this company type is taxed, which can differ from its place’s headline rate.
Through owners
Trade or business as a self-employed person (with a business name registered) is taxed as the individual's own income.
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If you operate trade or business as a self-employed person (perhaps having a business name (toiminimi; firma) registered)
- CFC rules in Finland
- Yes
Close it
Closing it
The other end, which most guides leave out.
- Route
- The trader notifies the Trade Register of the end of the business without delay (Trade Register Act 564/2023 s.10(3), lopettamisilmoitus).
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Elinkeinotoiminnan lopettamisesta on viivytyksettä tehtävä ilmoitus kaupparekisteriin ( lopettamisilmoitus ).
- Statutory fee
- Free
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joista Patentti- ja rekisterihallitus jättää maksun perimättä, ovat:
Every business in Finland
VAT
- Standard rate
- 25.5%Official European Commission, Taxes in Europe Database situation on 2026/07/01
- Other rates
- 13.5% Food and groceries, restaurant and meal services, books, pharmaceuticals, sanitary products and baby nappies, sports and fitness services, cultural and entertainment admissions, passenger transport, accommodation and performing artists' fees
- 10% Newspapers and magazines, print and electronic
- 0% Zero-rated sales such as exports outside the EU and intra-Community supplies to VAT-liable buyers
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2. Reduced VAT rate 13,5% Up to 31 December 2025, the reduced rate was 14%.
- Registration threshold
- EUR 20,000
turnover (net sales) subject to VAT; calendar year
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The company is liable to pay VAT and it has to be entered in the VAT register if its turnover exceeds €20,000 in a calendar year.
- Voluntary registration
- Yes
A business with turnover of no more than €20,000 in a calendar year may register for VAT voluntarily; VAT is then payable from the date of registration.
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In some circumstances, the company can register for VAT voluntarily, for example if it is engaged in small business where the turnover is no more than €20,000 in a calendar year.
- A foreign company
- The same threshold applies
The €20,000 calendar-year threshold applies to a foreign business too: if turnover is expected to stay below it, the company need not enter the VAT register. EU businesses may instead use the EU SME scheme up to €100,000 of Union turnover. The Tax Administration's guidance names no fiscal representative requirement.
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If you estimate that your company's turnover for the financial year (12 months) will be less than EUR 20,000, the company does not have to be registered in the VAT register.
- Returns filed
- Monthly
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In general, the default value is the calendar month.
- Tax authority
- Registration page read 2026-10-22
Payment and banking services
5 services name Finland on their own list: Paysera, Airwallex, Stripe, Revolut, N26. Each provider, and what a listing means.
Reference
Its name and code
- Kind
- Sole traderDerived our grouping, the same words in every country
- Name in law
- Yksityinen elinkeinonharjoittaja (sole trader, toiminimi)
- ISO 20275 code
- K09ESecondary GLEIF, Entity Legal Forms code list