Romania
Romania: 8 company types, its taxes, banking and business environment, and what it is known for.
Forming a company
Company types in Romania
The 8 forms a founder can choose here, each with its own figures. Open one for its sources.
What it is known for
Where Romania is in the world’s top 10 on a measure anyone can check, the best rank first. Only the top is shown; a low rank is never stated.
- World’s3rdWorld-leading exports Heated tobacco and nicotine productsProducts containing tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, nicotine, or tobacco or nicotine substitutes, intended for inhalation without combustion; other nicotine containing products intended for the intake of nicotine into the human bodyUS$1.3 bn · 10.0% of world exports of 116 exporters · 2024 CEPII BACI, January 2026 release See the top 10
A rank is among everything the source reports for that year, so it moves when the source adds or drops economies. Exports include goods passing through for re-export. Nothing here is a recommendation.
Doing business here
Business accounts
Providers whose own published list of countries names Romania. A listing means a company formed here may apply, not that it will be accepted.
Not in our records No provider's country list has been read for Romania.
EU listings
Two lists a bank checks when it opens an account for a company or its owner.
- EU high-risk third countries (AML)
- Not listed
- EU non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes
- Not listedOfficial EUR-Lex, 52026XG01465, Annex I as of 2026-02-17
Official sites
The authorities’ own sites for Romania: where to register, file and check.
Blocs and agreements
The trade arrangements Romania belongs to, as each arrangement’s own texts state them: since when, and what each covers. What a membership means for a business is for you to judge.
- European Union: internal market and customs union
- Single market · since 2007
Covers goods, services, establishment, capital, movement of people, a common external tariff.
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EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU.
- European Union: VAT territory
- Inside it
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‘Community’ and ‘territory of the Community’ mean the territories of the Member States as defined in point (2);
- Schengen area
- Free movement area · since 1 January 2025
Covers movement of people.
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Bulgaria and Romania being the last countries to join on 1 January 2025.
- European Economic Area
- Single market
Covers goods, movement of people, services, establishment, capital.
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which now covers the EU and its 27 Member States, and three of the four EFTA members: Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.
Regional and customs arrangements only, 36 of them; bilateral trade agreements are not yet in our records.
Tax
Company tax
Tax, and what the company owes the registry each year.
- Corporate income tax
- 16%
- Distributions
- Not in our records
- Audit
- Not in our records
- Small-company relief
- Not in our records
- Annual obligations
- Not in our records
- Annual registry fee
- Not in our records
VAT
The tax on what the company sells in Romania, and when it must register, as the tax authority states it.
- Standard rate
- 21%Official European Commission, Taxes in Europe Database situation on 2026/07/01
Tax calendar
When the main returns and payments fall due in Romania, tax year 2025, as the tax authority states it.
- Corporate tax return
- 25 June · each year
while OUG 153/2020 applies, a profit-tax payer files the annual profit tax return (Form 101) by 25 June of the following year (for a modified fiscal year, by the 25th of the sixth month after the fiscal year ends); taxpayers under BNR or ASF accounting rules file by 25 March.
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termenul pentru depunerea declarației anuale privind impozitul pe profit este până la data de 25 iunie inclusiv a anului următor
- Corporate tax, final payment
- 25 June · each year
the annual profit tax is settled and paid with the Form 101 return, by 25 June of the following year under OUG 153/2020 (the same passage governs the submission of the return and the payment of the tax), after the quarterly advance payments made during the year.
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termenul pentru depunerea declarației anuale privind impozitul pe profit este până la data de 25 iunie inclusiv a anului următor
- Corporate tax, instalments
- Day 25 of the following month · each quarter
a profit-tax payer makes quarterly advance payments of the profit tax during the fiscal year, declared and paid by the 25th of the month following the quarter; taxpayers may opt for annual calculation with quarterly advance payments. The rule records the 25th of the month following the quarter.
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pot opta pentru calculul, declararea și plata impozitului pe profit anual, cu plăți anticipate, efectuate trimestrial
- Personal income-tax return
- 25 May · each year
an individual files the single declaration (Form 212) for income tax and social contributions by 25 May of the year following the year in which the income arose.
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termenul pentru depunerea Declaraţiei Unice (DU) privind impozitul pe venit şi contribuţiile sociale datorate de persoanele fizice (Formular 212) este data de 25 mai 2022, inclusiv
- Personal income tax, final payment
- 25 May · each year
the annual income tax and social contributions established by the single declaration are due by 25 May of the year following the income year.
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termenul pentru depunerea Declaraţiei Unice (DU) privind impozitul pe venit şi contribuţiile sociale datorate de persoanele fizice (Formular 212) este data de 25 mai 2022, inclusiv
- Personal income tax, instalments
- Not required here
Romania has no separate advance-payment return for individuals: the obligation to declare estimated income for the current year was removed, and the annual income tax and social contributions are declared once by 25 May (Form 212). An individual may pay the tax in quarterly instalments, but no separate estimated payment is required.
- VAT return
- Day 25 of the following month · each month
a VAT-registered person files the VAT return (Form 300) monthly, by the 25th of the month following the period (the calendar of obligations gives the shifted date, 26 January, where the 25th is a weekend); the period may be quarterly, half-yearly or yearly in the cases set out in the return instructions. The rule records the standard monthly case.
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Depunerea Decontului de taxă pe valoarea adăugată - Formularul 300
- Payroll withholding
- Day 25 of the following month · each month
an employer files Form 112 for the preceding month, declaring the social contributions, the income tax on salaries and the nominal record of insured persons, by the 25th of the month following the period (the calendar of obligations gives the shifted date, 26 January).
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Depunerea Declarației privind obligațiile de plată a contribuțiilor sociale, impozitului pe venit și evidența nominală a persoanelor asigurate - Formularul 112
Running the company
Running a company here
Not in our records The authorities’ pages on running a company have not been read for Romania yet.
Economy and trade
What it exports
Goods Romania exported, by product, as a share of its goods exports each year. Exports include goods passing through for re-export. A share describes Romania’s own trade; it does not compare places.
| Product (HS heading) | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | Value, 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than those of heading 8702), including station wagons and racing cars HS 8703 | 8.0% | 9.3% | 10.1% | US$10.8 bn |
| Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles of headings 8701 to 8705 HS 8708 | 6.5% | 7.5% | 7.8% | US$8.4 bn |
| Insulated (including enamelled or anodised) wire, cable (including coaxial cable) and other insulated electric conductors, whether or not fitted with connectors; optical fibre cables, made up of individually sheathed fibres, whether or not assembled with electric conductors or fitted with connectors HS 8544 | 4.0% | 3.9% | 3.7% | US$3.9 bn |
| Boards, panels, consoles, desks, cabinets and other bases, equipped with two or more apparatus of heading 8535 or 8536, for electric control or the distribution of electricity, including those incorporating instruments or apparatus of Chapter 90, and numerical control apparatus, other than switching apparatus of heading 8517 HS 8537 | 2.8% | 3.2% | 3.2% | US$3.4 bn |
| Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, other than crude; preparations not elsewhere specified or included, containing by weight 70 % or more of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils HS 2710 | 3.7% | 2.7% | 2.8% | US$3 bn |
| New pneumatic tyres, of rubber HS 4011 | 2.1% | 2.3% | 2.3% | US$2.5 bn |
| Wheat and meslin HS 1001 | 3.0% | 2.9% | 2.3% | US$2.4 bn |
| Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 3002, 3005 or 3006) consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses (including those in the form of transdermal administration systems) or in forms or packings for retail sale HS 3004 | 1.1% | 1.3% | 1.9% | US$2 bn |
| Electric instantaneous or storage water heaters and immersion heaters; electric space-heating apparatus and soil-heating apparatus; electrothermic hairdressing apparatus (for example, hairdryers, hair curlers, curling tong heaters) and hand dryers; electric smoothing irons; other electrothermic appliances of a kind used for domestic purposes; electric heating resistors, other than those of heading 8545 HS 8516 | 1.5% | 1.6% | 1.7% | US$1.8 bn |
| Seats (other than those of heading 9402), whether or not convertible into beds, and parts thereof HS 9401 | 1.7% | 1.7% | 1.6% | US$1.7 bn |
Total goods exports, 2024: US$106.6 bn. The ten largest headings are shown.